Appeal For Bihar Flood Relief

Appeal For Bihar Flood Relief

HELP FOR HUMANITY 

Short History of English Drama

          History of English Drama

What is drama ?

'Drama is a composition in a verse or prose to be acted on the stage in which a story is related by means of dialogue and action in is represented with, accompanying gesture, costume and scenery as in real life.

_ Shorter Oxford Dictionary

'Drama is a composition designed for performers in the theatre in which actors take the roles of the characters,perform the indicated action and utter the written dialogue'.


_ A Glossary of Literary  Terms by                 M.H.Abrams

The elements of drama 

1. Plot
2.  characterization 
3. dialogue
4.  settings 
5. stage directions 
6. conflict 
7. theme

The four closely related area of focus are 

1.The focus of the scene.

2. The focus of the audience.

3. The focus of the character.

4. The focus of the actor.

Types of  Drama:

1. Tragedy. 

2. Comedy 

• Romantic comedy 
• Sentimental comedy 
• Classical comedy
•  Comedy of humour 
•  Comedy of manners

3.Tragic Comedy 

Introduction to English theatre

• Drama has its origin in a folk theatre.
• Romans were established vast  amphitheatre  for the production of plays in England. 
• Between the 13th and 14th century drama started having themes separated from religion.
• 
  

Elizabethan and Restoration theatre.

1.Secular morality plays have a direct link with Elizabeth plays. 
2.The  plays had nothing to do with religion. 
3.There were examples of comedy and tragedy. 
4.
Thomas Kyd, 

Christopher Marlowe 

and William Shakespeare are the prime dramatist of this era.

5. With civil wars no theatre existed between 1642 to 1660.

6. Charles II came back  with  Restoration in 1660 and theatre reopened. 

7. Comedy in early 18th  century declined  in to sentimentalism. 

8. Georgr  Etherges comedy  of manners. 

9.Oliver Goldsmith 

and Richard Sheridan.

Modern Theatre 

Modern theatre with its picture frame stage
 Actress taking female parts 

moveable scenery 

artificial lights

 influence of France in theatre ,audience and themes

Ibsen great Norwegian dramatist dominates the modern Drama.

( Dolls House, Ghosts, An enemy of the people)

George Bernard Shaw

Oscar Wilde

Lady Gregory

W.B.Yeats

T.S. Eliot

John Osborne

Kingsley


Antony Chekhov

Arther Miller

Samuel Beckett


INDIAN THEATRE 


 Start with Sanskrit drama 
Mahabhasya by Patanjali

Natyashastra  by Bharat Muni

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Hi Pranav,

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Essay- My school

            My school


"Home is our first school and school is our second home. " It is true because I feel home like atmosphere in my school. And my teachers are like my parents. Really my school is heaven for me and my friends.
My school name is Mahadaji Shinde vidyalaya Shrigonda. And I am proud to be a part of this school. All the activities are held in my school. My school is not only focuses on school education but also sports and art.
Every teacher in my school are ideal. They gives us good knowledge about subject. My school teachers are great source of knowledge and information.
Every class in my school are digital and our teacher teach us with the help of technology. We get knowledge of computer and other general knowledge in my school daily. Big building, digital classes, competitive exams, special guidance is our specialty.
That's why I feel home like atmosphere in my school.

DONATE TO FLOOD AFFECTED PEOPLE OF SANGLI AND KOLHAPUR

                   DONATE
 TO FLOOD AFFECTED PEOPLE   OF SANGLI AND KOLHAPUR

Three district affected 

• Kolhapur 
• Sangli
• Satara

55 affected villages 

130000 affected people 

You can donate 

1. Food 
2. Clothes 
3. Money 
4. Medicare 
5. Blankets 
6. Other needed things 

Those willing to donate for flood affected people send their contributions to 

• Nita Sawant (Dy.collector Kolhapur)
• Chief ministers relief fund

Stand with Maharashtra in times of  difficulty 

Expansion of ideas - Fools rush in where angels fear to trade.

Fools Rush In Where Angels Fear To Tread.


Prudent or wise people are very careful in their dealing with others. In whatever they say or do, such people think twice before doing something. They won’t jump into anything which endangers their safety. And accordingly, in whatever they say or do, they succeed normally. But foolish people are different. They are hasty in their action. They won’t think much of the consequences of their actions. Such people are led by impulses than their thoughts. They don’t realize the dangers that await them when they take up risky enterprise. Consequently, they fail in most of the ventures. If somebody challenges a wise person to jump down from the top of a five storied promising to pay him a big sum, he will not do so because he knows he will die. But a fool will most willingly jump from the top, thinking and gloating over the promised money. He doesn’t think of the consequences. This is really the difference between a wise men and a fool. A fool embarks in risky ventures while the wise man refrains from such things. 

Expansion of ideas -BEAUTY IS TRUTH. TRUTH IS BEAUTY

BEAUTY IS TRUTH. TRUTH IS BEAUTY.

 That is all you know on earth and all you need to know. From this statement Keats tells that the real beauty is truth and nothing more andtruth alone is the beautiful one.
This philosophical statement means that the real beauty of a thing lies on its permanence and that there is only one ultimate beauty in this world is truth which never perishes. The remaining, though they seem to be beautiful, is not really beautiful as they are perishable.

This statement is found in the poem - Ode one a Grecian Urn - written by John Keats. He sees two pictures on the two sides of an urn. On one side there are young lovers and musicians and on the other side a number of pious people go to make a sacrifice at a green alter. In the end of the poem, Keats says that the Urn gives this message to humanity - BEAUTY IS TRUTH. TRUTH IS BEAUTY. That is all you know on earth and all you need to know. From this statement Keats tells that the real beauty is truth and nothing more and truth alone is the beautiful one. The beautiful objects that we consider so of this world such as flowers are not really beautiful. Even the works of art, though they seem to be imperishable become perishable later or sooner and so they are not really beautiful. So, the ever-remaining truth alone is the real beauty and the others may change and pass. So we should pay more attention to the core beauty rather than to physical beauty. 

Expansion of ideas - 'If winter comes can spring be far behind'

The quotation describes the seasonal cycle that after winter spring is so near, same is the cycle in man’s life the sorrows and sufferings are followed by happiness and comfort.

In the proverb, the winter season that is dark and tough is symbolised by the trial times. But spring that is bright and colourful season, is symbolized by happiness. Life of any person never remains the same. It is a blend of sufferings and joys. They always go side by side. It can be said that joys and sorrows are spice of life if they are separated life would be tasteless. So man should not lose heart in some hard times.

What holds true for an individual also stands for nation. Nation cannot be built in a day. It takes a long time for a nation to come out of its crisis and become a civilized or developed. The proverb is very right in conditions of Pakistan. The country presently is mired in multi-facet crisis and masses have got panic for its progress. Hence, the need of the hour is patience and perseverance. One should not lose hope, rather he must play his part for the peace and progress of the country. One day our nation will cope successfully with these problems. And it will soon regain its lost prestige among fellow nations. And its citizen will lead a peaceful and prosperous life.

So the lesson of proverb is one should not lose hope in his trial times rather he should struggle for better future and remain positive in such conditions. It is a principle of nature that time never remains same. It is a promise of nature that after every dark and cold times there would be bright and colourful spring