Articles
(text.page no 11)
Add 'the' in seventeen places in the
extract :
The United Kingdom is an island surrounded by the English Channel, the Atlantic, the Irish Sea and the North Sea. It is made up of four regions : England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and although London is the capital of the whole country, each region has
its own capital city (London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast). The best-known rivers are : the Thames, the Severn, the Humber and the Mersey. The highest mountains in the United Kingdom are found in Scotland (the Grampians) and North Wales (the Cambrian Mountains), while England's major range of mountains is called the Pennies. English is spoken everywhere in Britain.
2. Prepositions (text.page no 12)
Read the following extract, identify the prepositions in it and state what they express in the given sentences :
Pune city recorded 41.8 mm rain in the three hours between 5.30 pm and 8.30 pm on Saturday. Most Of the showers occured in the 30-minute spell that started around 7 pm. Scattered rains occurred at a few places in Konkan and Goa. A trough extending to the Lakshadweep area persists across south-west Bay of Bengal. Similar rains also occurred in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.
Ans. : (1) in-time
(2) between-time
(3) on-time,
(4) in-time
(5) around—time
(6) at-place.
(6) In : place
(8) to-direction
(9) across-direction
(10) in-place.
3) The simple past and past perfect tense
(text.page no 20 )
Yesterday, after my friend had left, I started writing a letter. I had written only one sentence when I heard the postman calling me. He had brought me a parcel. It was a book, which I had ordered from a shop in Mumbai. The postman asked me to sign a receipt and when I had signed it, he gave me the book and left . Then I sat down to read the book. It was so interesting that I read it very quickly. When my friend returned that evening, I had finished reading the
Book. He had read the book the previous week, the sat and talked till midnight, after and we we had eaten our dinner.
(
4) Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences :
(text.page no 21
Change the following Compound Sentences into Simple and Complex Sentences :
(1) I walked straight to the village and bought or myself two dozen penny exercise books.
Ans. Simple : Walking straight to the village, I bought myselftwo dozen penny exercise books.
Complex : I walked straight to the village where I bought myself two dozen penny exercise books.
(2) I picked up my pen and gazed out the window.
Ans. Simple : Picking up my pen, I gazed out the window.
Complex : When I had picked up my pen,I gazed out the window.
(3) I flung it on the table and set to work again.
Ans. Simple : Flinging it on the table, I set to work again.
Complex ; No sooner had I flung it on the table than I set to work again.
(4) I dispatched the completed manuscript and promptly forgot about it.
Ans. Simple : Having dispatched the completed manuscript, I promptly forgot about it.
Complex : After I had dispatched the completed I promptly forgot about it.
(5) I went upstairs and began to get it down.
Ans. Simple : Goingupstairs, I began to get it down.
Complex : As soon as I went upstairs, I began to get it down.
(6) I took it straight away and showed it to John Angus.
Ans. Simple : Taking it straight away, I showed it to John Angus.
Complex : I took it straight away so thatI could show it to John Angus.
(7) I had successive ideas of specializing in dermatology, surgery and so on but discarded them all.
Ans. Simple :
I discarded all my successive ideas of specializing in dermatology, surgery and so on.
Complex : I discarded all the successive ideas which I had of specializing in dermatology,
surgery and so on.
1. Modal Auxiliaries
:
(text.page no 25,26)
* Read the following sentences :
(1) May I speak to you for a moment?
(2) She can speak fluent German.
(3) He might get angry at first, but hopefully he will understand your situation.
(4) You should try doing more exercise regularly.
(5) New recruits shall report to the sergeant at 9 a.m.
(6) I must go home now. It's late.
(7) Could you put this book on the shelf, please?
Match the modal auxiliaries in the above sentences given in Column A with the meanings in B
Ans. (1) may—permission
(2) can—ability
(3) might—possibility
(4) should— advice
(5) shall— command
(6) must— obligation
(7) could—request.
Modal Auxiliary
(text.page no 36)
•Can
• The modal auxiliary •can' may be used to frame requests.
Write A few sentences using
•can' to denote requests.
(i) Can I sit here
(ii) Can I have your telephone number?
(iii) Can you explain this again, Madam?
(iv) Can I have another helping of that cake?
2. Reported Speech
(1) Convert the following sentences into indirect narration :
(i) Sometimes his mother would ask :
"Reuben, where were you ?
We were waiting for supper for you."
"Playing, Mum. Sorry."
Ans. Sometimes Reuben's mother would ask him where he had been, adding that they had been waiting for him for supper. Reuben would apologize, saying that he had been playing.
(ii) The shopkeeper said, "Come back tomorrow, boy."
"Please, Mister. I have to sell the sacks now-please." Reuben pleaded.
Ans. The shopkeeper asked Reuben to come back the next day. But Reuben pleaded with him, saying that he had to sell the sacks right then.
(2) Convert the following sentences into direct narration :
(i) Reuben told the shopkeeper that he wanted to buy a gift.
Ans-Ruben said to the shopkeeper,"I Want to buy a gift.
ii) Ruben murmured a quiet thank you and ran home.
ANS- Ruben murmured,"Thank-you ,"quietly and ran home.
(text.page no 41,42 )
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given below
(a lot of, a lot, lots of, plenty, many, much)
(1) I miss my friends a lot.
2) There is room for many boxes in this cupboard.
3) We have plenty to eat. You needn't buy
4) I don't have much experience.
5) Many things need to be changed here.
(6) We met after many years, We had a lot to talk about.
(7) There's lots of space for parking.
You can bring your vehicle.
(8) A lot can be said about pollution in rivers
(9) Many students disagreed with the reforms
(10) I didn't enjoy the film much.
2. Use of 'Much more' and 'No more'
(1) Enough care has been taken by the police. There is no more danger of riots.
(2) She has been practising regularly. She is no more afraid of losing the match.
(3) It seems he knows much more about the ment but he is unwilling to share the information.
(text.page no 48)
1. Past Perfect Tense
Use the correct tense forms in the following narration :
Ans. The police had warned the people that the road could be blocked due to the landslides in the hilly area. The school authorities ,had declared that the school would be closed for two days. Our family reached our place before the )andslide. People had moved to, safer places with their animals so there was no loss of life. The government and the local authorities had taken every precaution, so the landslide did not cause much damage. If proper care had not been taken by the people and the government, there could have been more losses.
2, Adverb Clause of Time
Complete the following paragraph, choosing correct subordinate conjunctions : (?he answers aregiven directly,)
Ans.
Ply friend called Jpe as I was packing the things. While I was packing the things, the bell rang.lt kept ringing while I was talking to my friend op the mobile. When I opened the door, I was surprised to see my closest
college friend standing in front ofme. As soon as he saw me, he hugged me warmly. I felt very happy when I saw him. We had met after a long gap of ten years. We had many things to talk about. He had always helped me.
(text.page no 59,60)
Sentences of 'Would',Wouldn't,Might have,
I) in the evening he would be waiting for me.
ii) he Would roost on the coconut tree.
(iii) ... all fellow parrots would be there...
(iv) They would be thunderstruck...
V). 'If I was not home some day, he would not come down.'
Vi)'His family bonds might have become stronger than his friendship with me.'
May Might
It may be a vase.
it may be two faces.
it might be a free hand drawing.
(text.page no 67)
Choose an appropriate pronoun and combine the following sentences using relative clauses :
(i) Amit gave me an envelope that contained some papers.
(ii) Seema is a psychologist who works as a counsellor.
(iii) I admire your belief which is always right.
(iv) We are going to a place which is warm winter.
(text.page no 98)
1. Modal Auxiliaries
Using the modal auxiliaries 'had to', 'need' 'used to', or 'have to'
(i) We used to visit our grandparents regularly, so that they did not feel lonely.
(ii) Our team has to be selected for the finals. Needn't we conduct more practice sessions?
(iii) There were so many difficult words in the text that the students had to use a diction}ry.
(iv) Though the medicine tasteg drink it.
(v) Our grandmother has fractured her hand; we have to support her when she wants to get up.
(vi) The examination is next week. Need we remind students about studying regularly?
(vii) It will be summer soon; we have to get a fan
Present participle
(i) adopting cash crops
(ii) marketing its dairy products (iii) utilizing the government schemes
(iv) becoming an
(v) harbouring social changes
(vi) selecting the new villages.
3. Past Participles
(i) A learned person is always respected.
(ii) The firm requires qualified and experienced persons.
(iii) Who doesn't love a well-kept garden ?
(2) Find two examples from the text where th
Past Participle is used as an adjective :
Ans.
(i) The increased water levels resulted in a bett yield.
(ii) Yavatmal was the worst affected district ...
(text.page no 107)
1. Use of 'too' and 'enough'
(1) Combine the following sentences with 'too' or 'enough' :
Ans.
(i) She was rich enough to buy a car.
(ii) The old man was too weak to walk properly.
(iii) The mathematical problem was too difficult to be solved by the students.
(iv) Their house is large enough to accommodate their big family.
(v) She is too emotional to tolerate any rude behaviour.
(vi) The peak was too high for the mountaineers to climb it.
(text.page no 114,115)
1.Fill in the blanks using the proper infinitive
(i) The driver was arrested tor failing ......the accident.
Ans. to report
(ii) My father made me (go, to go) for a walk
Ans. go
(iii) Ramesh was made (pay, to pay) back the money.
Ans. to pay
(iv) Sarika did not let me(see, to see) what she was doing.
Ans. see
(v) Jay might (be, to be) joking.
Ans. be
2. If- Clauses
Complete the following sentences :
(i) If you come to the library, we (complete) the project.
Ans. will complete
(ii) If Geeta (send) an application, she would have got the job.
Ans. had sent
(iii) If my friends came late, I (wait) for them.
Ans. would wait
(iv) If the girls didn't tease Sarita so much, she (spend) more time in the office.
Ans. would spend
(text.page no 127,128,129)
1. The Complex Sentence
(1) Combine each of the following sentences into complex sentences, using appropriate conjunctions :
(i) It was tough. It was intellectually satisfying.
Ans. Though it was tough, it was intellectually satisfying.
(ii) I went to several publisners, I did not find any takers.
Ans. Although I went to several publishers, I did not find any takers.
(iii) I have great reverence for India's heritage. I am deeply rooted in its rich tradition.
Ans. I am deeply rooted in India's rich tradition because I have great reverence for India's heritage.
(iv) I realized the task was mammoth. The work began.
Ans. When I realized the task was mammoth, the work began.
(v) I rewrote the scripts myself. Their submissions were mediocre.
Ans. I rewrote the scripts myself because them submissions were mediocre.
(2) Change the following sentences into complex sentences following the instructions given :
(i) It was tough but intellectually satisfying.
(Rewrite using 'though'.)
Ans. Though it was tough, it was intellectually satisfying.
(ii) I went to several publishers but did not find any takers. (Begin the sentence with 'though'.)
Ans. Though I went to several publishers, I did not find any takers.
(iii) I have great reverence for India's heritage and culture and I am deeply rooted in its rich tradition. (Rewrite using 'because'.)
Ans. I am deeply rooted in India's rich tradition because I have great reverence for Indias's heritage.
(iv) They could answer questions on Greek mythology but could not tell the name of Lord Ram's mother. (Rewrite using 'though'.)
Ans. Though they could answer questions on Greek mythology, they could not tell the name of ord Ram's mother.
(v) I resigned from the Times of India and grabbed
the opportunity. (Rewrite using 'after'.)
Ans. After I resigned from the Times of India,
I grabbed the opportunity.
2. Voice
(A) Questions
(i) How did you put together a team for this ambitious project ?
Ans. How was a team put together by you for this ambitious project?
(ii) Who has played this prank?
Ans. By whom was this prank played?
(iii) Will her parents permit her to go to college?
Ans. Will she be permitted to go to college by her parents ?
(iv) Has anyone answered the general knowledge questions ?
Ans. Have the general knowledge question been answered by anyone?
(v). Will they arrest the corrupt workers ?
Ans. Will the corrupt workers be arrested?
(vi) How can this crime be committed?
Ans. How can they commit this crime?
Negative Sentences
(i) The dhobi does not wash the clothes properly
Ans. The clothes are not washed properly by dhobi.
(ii) The vendors do not sell fresh vegetables.
Ans. Fresh vegetables are not sold by the vendon.
(iii) The boy may not have broken the mirror.
Ans. The mirror may not have been broken by boy.
(iv) The police have not caught the terrorists.
Ans. The terrorists have not been caught.
Imperative Sentences
(i) Please complete the assignment.
Ans. You are requested to complete the assignment.
(ii) Speak the truth.
Ans. You are ordered to speak the truth.
(iii) Leave her alone, please.
Ans. Please let her be left alone.
(iv) Let us help the poor man.
Ans. Let the poor man be helped by us.
Sentences with Direct and Indirect Objects
(i) The teacher has gifted the student a pen.
Ans. The student has been gifted a pen by the teacher.
OR
A pen has been gifted to the student by thé teacher.
(ii)Debashish Mukherjee gave me this name.
Ans. This name was given Mukherjee.
OR
I was given this name by Debashish Mukherjet.
(iii) My wife Lalitha has given me her uncon tional support.
Ans. I have been given unconditional support by wife Lalitha
OR
Unconditional support has been given to me by my wife Lalitha
(text.page no 136)
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Write the following sentences using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense of the verb :
(i) We had an enjoyable holiday.
Ans. We have been having an enjoyable holiday.
(ii) I marvelled at what the cellphone revolution has wrought in our country.
Ans. I have been marvelling at what the cellphone revolution has been wreaking in our country.
(iii) India sells four times as many phones as it sold three decades ago.
Ans. India has been selling four times as many phones as it sold three decades ago.
(iv) Attitudes have also changed.
Ans, Attitudes have also been changing.
(text.page no 145)
Degrees of Comparison
Change the degree of comparison .
(i) Very few metals are as precious as gold.
Ans. Gold is more precious than most other metals. (Comparative)
(ii) I have more books than you.
Ans. You do not have as many books as I have,
(Positive)
(iii) Birbal was the wisest man in the court.
Ans. No other man in the court was as wise as Birbal. (Positive)
Birbal was wiser than any other man in the court. (Comparative)
(iv) She looked the happiest woman in the world.
Ans. No other woman in the world looked as happy as she did, (Positive)
She looked happier than any other woman in the world. (Comparative)
